Slave Trade essays

Slave Trade expositions When pondering the slave exchange and everything that accompanies it, it drives me mad. I feel that taking a large number of Africans from their home, getting them through torment and rewarding them barbarically, just to help the economy is exceptionally off-base. To accomplish something to that effect to humankind is lamentable. Despite the fact that there were a few advantages of slave work and slave exchange, it was not worth all the torment that went on. For one thing, what the Africans needed to experience was extremely savage. A great many Africans were taken from Africa to make the excursion on a vessel to be exchanged. While making the outing to their new country, they were dealt with like earth. The vessel was just seventy-five feet in length yet 350 Negros packed ready. One hundred and eighty were stowed as to have scarcely adequate tallness to hold them selves up. (library book) The conditions on the pontoon the slaves were on were extremely poor. It was exceptionally messy. The floor of their rooms was so shrouded in blood and bodily fluid that it resembled a slaughterhouse. On the off chance that the slaved passed on or had an infectious ailment or affliction, they were essentially tossed over the edge for the sharks to gobble or to get appeared on shore. (library book) For an individual to under go these conditions, it isn't right. The Africans were given no regard, which they merited. This is extremely deplorable and coldb looded. In addition to the fact that they suffered on their excursion across water, they endured when they arrived at their new home possessing their proprietor. They had to do hard work, had a horrible eating routine and attire, and deficient lodging. Due to the conditions they had to live in, they had a high death rate. (course book) They were rebuffed by whipping, and other cruel beatings.() Slaves were frequently prohibited to accumulate in enormous gatherings in dread that they may design a rebel against their lord. They likewise were not permitted to be hitched. Their kids were naturally claimed by the slaves proprietor not by the... <! Slave Trade papers During this time there was a lot of advancement in the realm of subjection. It originally began when the Portugese began bringing in slaves from Africa. The Africans were treated as slaves chiefly as a result of their skin shading. Britain was the main nation to bring bondage over to North America. It was an extremely huge prudent and social factor in the New World. Since there was so much open land in the New World, the improvement of estates depended on slave work . Since such a large number of slaves were required, a huge amount of slave exchange between England, Africa, and the New World occurred. Spain and Portugal thought they had a far superior thought, and they were the first to utilize Native Americans as slaves. They didn't have the foggiest idea, nonetheless, that the Native Americans were very defenseless to maladies. When about all the Native Americans passed on, Portugal and Spain additionally began exchanging for slaves from Africa. Despite the fact that the Spanish and English had numerous comparable routes in utilizing Africans, they likewise had many various strategies. The Spanish rewarded their slaves better than the English for the most part by giving them a ton of social opportunity. The Spanish additionally got increasingly out of their slaves in light of the warm climate. They delivered much more sugar, and had long developing seasons to do it in. The congregation in Spanish states additionally attempted to give them probably some insurance. (In spite of the fact that they offered significantly more to the Native Americans.) In England slaves were dealt with substantially more harshely. Not exclusively were slaves put to overwhelming work, they were even exchanged to and fro for items like weapons and sugar. Slaves in England were for the most part compelled to be Protestant, and cruel disciplines were constantly permitted. Most slave proprietors enormously dreaded rebellions, so they never let slaves p ull off reasoning they had any rights. France was less associated with the slave exchange than the others for a few clear reasons. They were in a huge war with Spain, Austria, and Britain over the Austr... <! Slave Trade expositions Everybody accomplishes something once in their life that they wish they havent done. At the point when individuals are youthful they do stupid things now and then, and when they think back on it as that individual gets more established they lament what was finished. As a youthful nation, the United States had committed errors also. Perhaps the greatest misstep was the slave exchanges. The slave exchange was incredibly overwhelming on the Africans, particularly in the parts of the intersection, their ways of life, and the infections that were gotten en route. The United States brought somewhat less than 500,000 slaves from Africa.(3) Ships brought all the Africans as of now. With this numerous Africans on one pontoon it was a truly restricted space, and furthermore the warmth didnt truly help with this circumstance. The entirety of this made it very difficult to inhale, it almost choked out them. They for all intents and purposes needed to rest on one another. Dont simply imagine that the Americans would let them have a free ride over to America with simply close resting quarters. Regular they had errands to do, similar to wash and clean the deck daily.(1) This would be torment in the blistering sun particularly since the vast majority of the slave needed to travel naked.(1) There were a lot more obligations of their regular day to day existence on the vessels. Well at any rate the nine months they were on there. The slaves dietary patterns were practically nothing. Two eating times a day and they needed to wash their hands in saltwater.(1) The dinners were not filling. Their was additionally discipline for the slaves who werent eating. They would utilize incidental dissemination of cognac or tobacco and furthermore wash their mouths out with vinegar.(1) The Americans shouldnt have constrained them to eat. They ought to of let the slaves eat on the off chance that they needed as well, however of course the slaves had nothing to do with what they could or couldn't do. The medicines were fierce toward the slaves, as though one couldnt as of now tell. They had week after week shavings yet with... <! Slave exchange papers For whatever length of time that I could recollect that I generally heard individuals for the most part African Americans state how slaves buckled down for more than 300 years. I generally used to concur yet never truly knew the slightest bit about it. In my reality history class we had to pick three points that we needed to do and the first tpoic that rung a bell was slaves. Not having the option to discover the word slave alone I discovered slave exchange so that is the one that I picked. Despite the fact that slave exchange is somewhat unique in relation to slaves I despite everything decided to do it since I feel that it was something very similar. Presently all together to get familiar with slave exchange I needed to pick it which I did and that is the manner by which I The things that I think about slave exchange for the most part originate from personal histories, for example, Fredrick Douglass's, motion pictures, for example, Roots what's more, books from school. I can't state that the things originating from textbooks are valid or not however I do accept that they are in such a case that they weren't they wouldn't instruct it to us. In school I figured out how the slaves were treated in the Roman occasions. They were treated as though they weren't even human and as though From my understanding slaves were passed around or sold for working. Slaves for the most part comprised of the lower class individuals, for example, the poor ones. You could never locate a rich individual or a white collar class individual working except if they lost all that they possessed which would in all probability never happen. Slaves were most certainly not rewarded reasonably for the most part due to their statis. In the event that you were a slave and didn't do what you were let you know would be rebuffed or murdered. A few people say that it was right however for the uneducated individuals who don't have any acquaintance with it is marely off-base. The entire premise of my exploration was to discover how slave exchange came about and why. I additionally needed to discover how slave exchange finished and how. Last be that as it may, not least I needed to discover how the individuals were feeling during this entirety experience and in the event that somebody attempted to take care of business or possibly tr... <! Slave Trade expositions Impacts of the Atlantic Slave Trade The adjustments in African life during the slave exchange time structure a significant component in the monetary and mechanical advancement of Africa. In spite of the fact that the Atlantic slave exchange negatively affected both the economy and innovation, comprehend that subjection was not another idea to Africa. Indeed, inward subjugation existed in Africa for a long time. Slaves included war prisoners, the grabbed, philanderers, and different lawbreakers and untouchables. Notwithstanding, the quantity of people held in bondage in Africa, was little, since no financial or social framework had created for misusing them (Manning 97). The new framework Atlantic slave exchange turned out to be very not quite the same as the early African bondage. The impact of the Atlantic slave exchange carried radical changes to the economy of Africa. At the hour of the Atlantic slave exchange, Africa was a zone that had remote dependent on agribusiness, industry, and business (Curtin 54). Complex separated social orders dependent on settled town agribusiness were created all through the landmass. Basically farming, the people groups of Africa showed a striking level of specialization inside this antiquated financial interest, composes John Hope Franklin, the creator of From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans (p. 18). Notwithstanding farming, masterfulness was a critical region of financial network. Indeed, even less mind boggling networks incorporated some with different aptitudes. Moreover, the utilization of metals assumed a significant job. Iron was grown right off the bat in the economy of Africa; Africa sent out iron for a long time, and metal forgers and different ironworkers were found in numerous pieces of the landmass. Africans likewise worked in silver, gold, copper, and bronze. Finally, interior slave exchange assumed a job the economy. Slaves spoke to a little piece of the all out estimation of African fares (Kle in 56). The inclination of networks to have practical experience in some ph... <!

Romeo And Juliet Vs. The Miracle Worker Essays - Free Essays

Romeo And Juliet Vs. The Miracle Worker Essays - Free Essays Romeo And Juliet Vs. The Miracle Worker Connection among Romeo and Juliet and Annie and Helen Romeo and Juliet is a lamentable play composed by William Shakespeare. It is a romantic tale between two opponent families, the Montagues and the Capulets. Romeo who is a Montague begins to look all starry eyed at Juliet who happens to be a Capulet. It is unexplainable adoration, however in the event that their folks discover there will be no chance that Romeo will ever observe Juliet again. The Miracle Worker is another play that we read. It is about a young lady named Helen Keller who is both hard of hearing and visually impaired. Her folks feel sorry for her and let her do anything she desires. They need to have the option to speak with her so they compose a specialist in Baltimore for help. The specialist sends Annie Sullivan to support Helen, which is justified, despite all the trouble since she at long last persuades Helen to be obliging and talk. Three individuals from Romeo and Juliet contrast with three individuals in The Miracle Worker. In any case, the Montagues and the Capulets alongside Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Keller and Annie are the principal comparative gathering of individuals. Since the two families despised each other so much, it shielded their youngsters from having the option to date each other straightforwardly. It constrained their kids to keep privileged insights from their folks and made it difficult to see one another. The guardians in The Miracle Worker are essentially the equivalent. Mr. also, Mrs. Keller didnt like the way Annie was taking care of and dealing with Helen. They nearly made Annie quit educating therefore. Annie caused Helen to eat with a fork rather than her fingers. At the point when she wouldnt hold the fork Annie constrained her to hold it. The Kellers didnt like this and advised Annie to allow Helen to eat anyway she needed however Annie needed Helen to gain proficiency with the best possible approach to eat and carry on. Annie was exceptionally severe and made trained Helen well. Next there are two individuals who were reliable and well disposed to Romeo and Juliet and Annie and Helen. For instance Friar Laurence thoroughly understood the marriage among Romeo and Juliet on the grounds that he is the person who wedded them. He felt that in the event that they got hitched it would end the quarrels between the families. Moreover he additionally came up the arrangement for Juliet to drink the mixture to make it appear as though she was dead and when Romeo came it would seem as though he spare her so the Capulet family might want him. James, Captain Kellers child by his first marriage was the one in particular who had confidence in Annie from the start. For example he was the first to see Annie show Helen the letter set and furthermore got the stepping stool for Annie when Helen secured her in the room. Likewise James lets Annie take Helen to the siphon by telling Mr. Keller to let Annie show Helen her way and that for once he isn't right and Annie can effectively educate Helen. At long last the last two individuals that impacted the connections are the Nurse and Doctor. The Nurse thought about the connection among Romeo and Juliet and could have told somebody however never did. On the off chance that she told somebody of their marriage she could have spared the two children lives. Despite the fact that the medical caretaker attempted to get Juliet to like Paris she couldnt get her to on the grounds that she cherished Romeo. The specialist told the Kellers that hes never observed a child with greater imperativeness, which was false. Anyway he reveals to them it was just intense clog. After he leaves, Mrs. Keller attempts to stand out enough to be noticed, however she cant since Helen cannot hear or see. In the event that the specialist had been exceptional he would have seen she was quiet and let them know previously or attempt to spare her. Albeit two unique creators composed the plays in two distinct occasions they despite everything have characteristics that can be analyzed. They all have plots, peaks and settings. Shakespeares words and method of composing was further developed than William Gibsons however the two of them have great work. Romeo and Juliets finishing wasnt upbeat like Annie and Helens however at long last the two of them got what they needed. Romeo and Juliet were at last together and the families

How to Crush Your Summer Reading Assignment in 4 Easy Steps

How to Crush Your Summer Reading Assignment in 4 Easy Steps For seven years, I was a high school English teacher, and every summer, I assigned my students summer reading. At the end of each school year, I would visit sophomore English classes to deliver that summer’s assignment. Many students groaned, a few wonderful nerds actually got excited, and most wore looks of resignation on their faces. I don’t know which of those three groups you most identify with (since you’re reading Book Riot, it’s perhaps likely that a fair few of you count yourselves among the wonderful nerds, but I don’t want to make any assumptions), but no matter what, I’ve got a few tips for those of you looking to use your summer reading assignment as a springboard to a whole school year’s worth of academic success. Students, take note. Parents, casually send this link to your kid as often as needed to make it sink in. Teachers, may none of your students utter the phrase “What summer reading assignment?” ever again. Step 1. Do the thing. Umm, actually read the book. This seems obvious, but don’t do that thing where you read a bunch of summaries or do the CliffsNotes thing or just pray you can pick up the gist of the book from your classmates during class discussions. Just read it. Maybe it’s a book you have no natural interest in; maybe it’s 600 pages long; maybe it was written in an age when “doth” and “thou” are words people actually used. Bummer. Whatever the case, you need to find a way to make it through. There’s simply no substitute for actually doing the reading. My advice? Get started early and make a reading calendar. Divide the book into manageable chunks and knock ‘em out one at a time. Step 2. Take a look around. Do a quick search to see if anybody’s written any articles or made videos about the book you’re reading. For one thing, they might provide some context that helps you grasp what’s on the page. But they can also give you something to respond to as you read, which is a great way to generate really useful notes to use on any assignments you might have to complete once the school year starts. Do you agree with what the lady in the video said about the book, or did you notice something different? Where is her take right on? Where does it fall short? Step 3. Be prepared. Typically, your summer reading assignment is the first thing you’ll cover when class starts in the fall. It gives you a chance to make a great first impression on your teacher and set the tone for a successful year. If you can read a different book that tackles the same subject matter from a different angle, take notes and bring those insights to class. Keep a list of questions your book prompts you to ask about the world. Take note of places where the author is particularly convincing in their argument or where they represent an emotion or idea especially well through their characters. Make note of your observations (or write them directly into the book, if you own it) and organize them by subject so you can call upon them quickly. If this sounds like a lot of work, that’s because it is. BUT the more work you do on the front end, the less you’ll typically have to do when it comes time to write that essay or complete that final project. Step 4. Don’t go through it alone. Assigned reading of any kind can be a tough pill to swallow. Something about having to read something rather than getting to read it just transforms the whole experience. But chances are, if you’ve been assigned the book, so has somebody else. Reach out to your fellow future classmates and chat about what you’ve read so far. Bounce questions and observations off of one another. Check out the book’s Goodreads page and see what people are talking about it in the threads. Or, even better, get together with a couple of in-the-flesh humans and spend an hour arguing about what you love or hate about the book. For one thing, sharing the experience can make any burden feel a bit lighter. For another, thinking in groups is different than thinking by yourself. Both can be valuable, but talking through your thoughts with others is a great way to get a better grip on what you actually think about what you’re reading. Taking your thoughts into the classroom is a whole lot easier when they’re well-defined. The school year will be here before you know it, and with it will come the time when you’re asked to account for your summer reading. You can blow it off until the last minute and then scrape by those first couple of weeks hoping not to be found out, or you can go in ready to knock your poor bedraggled teacher’s socks off. With one eye on all my former teaching colleagues, I hope you use this list to make it the latter.

The House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros - 2004 Words

In The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, twelve-year-old Esperanza Cordero must navigate through the trials and tribulations that one can associate when encountering young adulthood. The author Cisneros, utilizes her unique writing style of vignettes to illustrate the narrative voice of Esperanza in her text. A major theme that can be seen as the most prominent thus far, is on the feminist role of Esperanza as a female in her Latin American culture. The House on Mango Street is an overall Bildungsroman that can be considered to be a feminist work of literature. The Bildungsroman is encompassed by various feminist values throughout the text of written work, regarding the particular subject. The writer, Cisneros’ feminist views are†¦show more content†¦In her eyes sees this as wrong and in a way, she vows to not submit and even goes as far having thoughts of changing her given name. Esperanza desires to rename herself with an alias of strong women she has learn ed about previously, possibly in hopes of staying true to herself and her individualism. As the Bildungsroman starts to take a reader on a journey through these small vignettes, we see that Esperanza experiments with her female power only to be brought down by the overwhelming misogyny power in various forms in the writing along with other women figures. The first actual insistence Esperanza comes across from in the form of deprived freedom against women that portrays this Bildungsroman as a feminist literature is in the vignette Alicia Who Sees Mice. â€Å"Alicia who inherited her mama’s rolling pin and sleepiness, is young and smart and studies for the first time at the university.† Alicia a young adolescent, who we know lost her mother is going through a difficult time from this death. The first part of the quote can be seen as a metaphor, where Alicia has clearly inherited more than the mother’s rolling pin and sleepiness. The young Alicia has acquired the r ole of full time mother to her siblings through the father’s insistence. The young Alicia has to maintain a household while at the same time pursuing an education at a university where she has to take two trains and a bus toShow MoreRelatedThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1132 Words   |  5 Pageslives. In the collection of short stories, The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, she focuses on a young Hispanic girl named Esperanza Cordero who grew up on Mango Street. As she is changing and maturing, she writes down her experiences about discrimination of gender, sexual orientation, and more. Esperanza s transformation from a young and innocent girl to a mature woman is displayed through her self-realization and experiences that help Cisneros reveal how one s own experiences can lead toRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1297 Words   |  6 Pagesto think of a story to create, most of the advice given to them is â€Å"write what you know.à ¢â‚¬  This was perfect advice for Mexican-American writer Sandra Cisneros, who draws upon her coming-of-age events throughout her childhood and adolescence in â€Å"The House on Mango Street.† Drawing from life stories, her alter ego â€Å"Esperanza† describes everything from the house she lived in, to the hair on people’s heads. These personal stories show a stark contrast for any reader of a different culture, and confirmRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros913 Words   |  4 Pagesvignettes that made up â€Å"The House on Mango Street†, a coming-of-age novel by Mexican-American writer Sandra Cisneros. Cisneros in this specific vignette reveals the inherent oppressiveness of all marriages, which by their nature rob people of their independence. Sally is not even eight grades and she gets married. Her husband is a marshmallow salesman that she meets at a school bazaar. She moves to another state where is legal their marriage. Sally tells Esperanza about her house and domestic objects thatRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1854 Words   |  8 Pages The Street That Changed a Life The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, displays a great emphasis on culture and people helping form a young girl into a young lady. The main character, Esperanza, has to navigate a mentally and physically challenging life growing up in a poor, Hispanic neighborhood while still learning how to mature and rise above the poverty that surrounds her. Thus, the question arises: in what way and to what extent does close human interaction change Esperanza’s lifeRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros886 Words   |  4 PagesThe House on Mango Street is a novel by Sandra Cisneros. The novel is acclaimed by critics and used in schools all around the world. â€Å"The House on Mango Street† is about a young Latina girl who is about the age of 12 when the novel begins. Sandra’s novels have sold over two million copies. Sandra was born on December 20, 1984, in Chicago, Illinois. In 2016, President Barack Obama presented her with the medal of ‘Nat ional Medal of Arts’. Title: The House on Mango Street Author: Sandra Cisneros TheRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros753 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you look at the cover of the book, The House on Mango Street, you see bright colors and a fun font. The first vignette that Sandra Cisneros writes is about Esperanza, a young Latino girl wishing that she had her own house, a house with trees and white fences. The way that Cisneros writes screams â€Å"little girl.† However, as you dive deeper into the book, the subject of each vignette gets darker. Slowly, we start to see the dangers of growing up as a young Latino girl in a Chicago neighborhoodRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe House on Mango Street, a novella by Sandra Cisneros, revolves around the idea of a developing Latino girl facing the difficulties of transitioning to a young mature woman. Esperanza moves into a house on Mango Street, where she meets many diverse influential people as she attempts to discover her true identity and und erstanding of the world. While doing this, she encounters the struggles of her community, socioeconomic class, and heritage. Esperanza’s opposing view of herself slowly adjusts asRead MoreThe House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros766 Words   |  3 Pagesliterary analysis on â€Å"The House on Mango Street† by Sandra Cisneros. This story takes place in the center of an over populated Latino neighborhood in Chicago, a city where many of the poor areas are ethnically segregated. This novella uses two main symbols shoes and trees. Later in the literary analysis I will explain what these mean to the main characters. There are three main characters in the novella Esperanza, Sally and Nenny (short for â€Å"Magdalena†). The House on Mango Street tells the life of EsperanzaRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1087 Words   |  5 PagesRiaz Salehi The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, portrays the life of a teenage girl named Esperanza living on Mango Street. Though Esperanza lives in a diverse city, pre-existing stereotypes are affecting how others(women?) are perceived and treated. Esperanza starts to see how to change her community and the negative view of herself by taking the wrong actions of other women and connecting them to her own life experiences. To begin with, Esperanza always saw this great distinctionRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros2190 Words   |  9 Pagessociety centuries after its foundation. One of the books I feel perfectly touches on ethnicity in America specifically is Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street. Cisneros tells a coming of age story through brief episodes of a girl named Esperanza her life varying from things about her family, neighborhood, and different dreams and goals that she has. The House on Mango street is a personal and touching look at what it means to be a minority/immigrant in America as well what it means to grow up

The Fall of the Roman Empire to the Republic - 580 Words

From the early history of the Roman Empire, within the beginnings of the Republic, we will examine the period when the reign of kings comes to an end and social classes become established among the populace. From this point, will see how the oppression of one class against another leads up to a breaking-point with the revolt of one against another. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus was the seventh, and last Etruscan king (reigned from 534 to 510 BC) of Rome who was overthrown and exiled for his cruelty (wikipedia, 2013). This effort was accomplished through the united efforts of the Patrician and the Plebeian social classes that stratified Roman society. Despite his best efforts at reclaiming the rulership through the support of Lars Porsenna, the king of Clusium, he was thwarted when Porsenna made peace with the Romans and ended his aid to the Tarquins (forumromanum.org, 2009). Within Roman society, two distinct socio-economic classes known as Patrician and Plebeian existed. This stratification of the people was solely based upon one’s birth. Rome was being transforming into an aristocratic republic where power and rulership was dominated by the Patrician class, not the general population as in a democratic republic. The origins of separation of classes is often debated among historians, however it is commonly agreed that the Patrician families were those within the priesthoods and the Senate as religious advisors. As such, they would essentially give their blessings uponShow MoreRelatedFall of the Roman Empire758 Words   |  4 PagesTaylor Davino Professor Horsley HIS 126 3 March 2010 The fall of the Roman Empire Political, economic and social aspects were all involved in the fall of the Roman Empire. In 395 A.D., Rome was divided into two empires, with one capital in Rome and the other in Constantinople. During that time, the western Roman Empire was being invaded by barbarian tribes from the North. In 410, the Visigoth tribe succeeded in conquering the western capital in Rome. In 476, the western EmperorRead MoreFall Of The Roman Empire Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE: Jesse R. Allen HIST 115 12/11/2016 â€Æ' Rome, once a city-state with conquests on Asia-Minor, Afria, Corsica, Spain, and Sarinina had become a ruling empire in the Mediterranean by 150BCE (Ridley, The Fall of the Roman Republic 2016). This dominant empire remained on power for many centuries and came to an end in a few mere decades. By the turn of the 5th century, the western empire, functionality of this empire had ceased to work while its eastern counterpartRead MoreThe Roman And Roman Empire1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roman Empire, which was centered in the city of Rome, was the most extensive western civilization of ancient times. With its major advancements and prosperity it is hard to believe that the Roman Empire suddenly collapsed and fell into a time known as the Dark Ages. After a period of struggles for the Roman Empire, the empire gradually fell. Rome was the most successful civilization of its time. Its strategic location in the center of the Italian Peninsula and the fertile plains that supportedRead MoreHis112The Roman Republic And Imperial Rome Matrix Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material The Roman Republic and Imperial Rome Matrix Complete the matrix below by entering cultural, political, and economic developments that had lasting effects or that are significant of each civilization. The table includes one example. Civilization Cultural Developments Political Developments Economic Developments Roman Republic 509–27 BCE As the Romans traveled on many conquests they came in contact with some highly developed cultures, especially the Greek lifestyleRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of Empires1580 Words   |  7 Pagesthesis that the rise and fall of empires was due to tolerance, inclusion, difference, and diversity is shown to be true of the Roman Empire because of the way that tolerance allowed and caused the empire to rise, enter its golden age, and fall. The Roman Empire was a â€Å"hyperpower† that lasted from 44 BCE to 476 CE. The empire contained Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe, along with North Africa; thus, there was an abundance of culture from many different conquered groups. Romans wanted to make theseRead MoreThe Structure of The Roman Empire Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pages The Roman Empire, was the largest known civilization. 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The Roman Empire differed from the Athenian Amphictyony and the Assyrian Empire as well as the sunder later emperors such as VespasianRead MoreComparing the Roman Empire and the United States of America Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"While stands the Coliseum, Rome shall stand; When falls the Coliseum, Rome shall fall; And when Rome falls - the World.† Lord Byron. This essay will discuss the similarities of military, economics and systems of government between the Roman Empire of the 6th century BCE and the United States of America of the 20th century. History has revealed that all superpowers fall eventually, although much time has passed since the glory days of Rome we see in 2015 the largest superpowerRead MoreRome Essay Question1622 Words   |  7 PagesStudy Guide Question #1 Rome – early empires Here is what I am hoping to do when I take write my response to this question. Definitely doesn’t matter how you do, just thought I would clarify for any one still a bit confused. 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David Lynch as a Cult Auter Free Essays

David Lynch as a Cult Auteur David Lynch has long been known for his abstract, surrealist, highly ambiguous, and often confusing films. Since his first film, the bizarre and depressing Eraserhead, Lynch has become synonymous with the word â€Å"baffled. † He has been responsible for heady acid trips such as Lost Highway, Mulholland Drive, and Inland Empire. We will write a custom essay sample on David Lynch as a Cult Auter or any similar topic only for you Order Now He has created a bizarre examination of sex and violence in Blue Velvet and a quiet, emotional character study in The Elephant Man. Lynch has always been the artsy type; throughout high school, he was a keen painter, with a very abstract style, and after leaving school, he studied painting at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston in 1964. However, he left after only a year, stating that â€Å"I was not inspired AT ALL in that place†. He then proceeded to travel around Europe to study the works of Austrian expressionist painter Oskar Kokoschka. He returned to America, however, after only 15 days. He then studied Fine Arts at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia, before moving to Los Angeles in 1971 to study filmmaking at the AFI Conservatory. It was at this time that Lynch began winning grants in order to fund his films, including one for $10,000 which he received from AFI in 1970 to make his debut feature-length film, Eraserhead. Over his lengthy career, Lynch has been nominated for four Oscars, but has yet to win. Four of his films have been nominated for the Palme d’Or at the Cannes film festival; 1990? s Wild At Heart won the prestigious award, and Lynch also won Best Director at the festival for his 2001 film Mulholland Drive. Lynch, like many other burgeoning directors, started his audio visual career making short films. From 1966-1974, he created four of film history’s arguably most memorable shorts, leading up to his breakout, oft-critiqued feature, Eraserhead (1977). His style is defined by the dark, the grotesquely physical, and the straight out bizarre. Many of his shorts included animation of his paintings. Sound and music for films was also of utmost importance to the paranoia-filled atmosphere of his works. The dark and the bizarre were aspects he would carry over to his television show, Twin Peaks, which aired for two seasons in 1990 and 1991. Lynch is valuable because he explodes conventions, both cinematic and psychological, but it’s not enough for him to be as strange as possible—even an approach based on throwing off the fetters of the conventional and the logical demands a kind of discipline. The trick is to allow one’s imagination free play, but to be able to recognize what is genuinely strange and unsettling, rather than merely bizarre, to distinguish between the rare specimens you’ve unearthed from the darkness of the ocean floor and the seaweed clinging to you when you emerge from the water. It’s a completely unscientific process, and one that can’t be forced, so in a sense it’s achievement enough that Lynch has remained devoted to exploring his own subconscious, however successful he’s been in conveying his findings to the screen. Leading film critics Le Blanc and Odell state that Lynch’s films â€Å"are so packed with motifs, recurrent characters, images, compositions and techniques that you could view his entire output as one large jigsaw puzzle of ideas. One of the key themes that they noted was the usage of dreams and dreamlike imagery within his works, something they related to the â€Å"surrealist ethos† of relying â€Å"on the subconscious to provide visual drive. † This can be seen in John Merrick’s dream of his mother in The Elephant Man, Agent Cooper’s dreams of the red room in Twin Peaks and the â€Å"dreamlike logic† of the narrative found in Eraserhead, Mulholland Drive and Inland Empire . Another defining pattern of Lynch’s films is that he tends to feature his leading female actors in multiple or â€Å"split† roles, so that many of his female characters have multiple, fractured identities. This practice began with his choice to cast Sheryl Lee as both Laura Palmer and her cousin Maddy Ferguson in Twin Peaks and continued in his later works. In Lost Highway, Patricia Arquette plays the dual role of Renee Madison/Alice Wakefield, while in Mulholland Drive, Naomi Watts plays Diane Selwyn/Betty Elms and Laura Harring plays Camilla Rhodes/Rita and in Inland Empire, Laura Dern plays Nikki Grace/Susan Blue. By contrast, Lynch rarely creates multi-character roles for his male actors. In a short film titled â€Å"How to Make a David Lynch Film† a group of young film makers explored just that. In the short, the group highlight a number of definitive features found in Lynch’s films. They mention that â€Å"the people who like David Lynch do so because he is the master of mood, or because he’s all about atmosphere† and that â€Å"the ‘artsier’ the fan you speak to, the more they pretend to understand Lynch’s nonexistent plots. † Other Lynchian traits mentioned in the short include: * Unneeded tension brought about by dramatic pauses between dialogue * There must be ominous ounds or music in every scene to create a mysterious atmosphere * There must always be a character that goes by the name of Mr. , followed by a common first name (eg. Mr. Jimmy) * When in doubt, add close ups of eyes and lips * Phone calls to add suspense * Halfway through the film, change the actor/actress playing the lead character * In betwe en scenes always fade in and out of black * There should be nudity for no apparent reason * Random shots of out of focus movement * Lots of kissing * Painted fingernails * Lesbian love scenes At least one sex scene, often overexposed * Infantilism (eg. Dennis Hopper as Frank Booth in Blue Velvet) * Use of black and white * Abrupt endings and loose ends Lynch is an established auteur; in fact, not only does he write his screenplays, but he has been involved with every level of his films production at one point or another: sound design, editing, camera work, lighting, casting, special effects, music, etc. His hands-on approach to every aspect of his films has helped to tie them all together with a common thread. Lynch has sufficient strength of identity within his work and peculiarity of world view to warrant his position as auteur, and David Foster Wallace, in his ‘Premiere’ article for Lost Highway, said : â€Å"Whether you believe he’s a good auteur or a bad one, his career makes it clear that he is indeed, in the literal Cahiers du Cinema sense, an auteur, willing to make the sorts of sacrifices for creative control that real auteurs have to make – choices that indicate either raging egotism or passionate dedication or a childlike desire to run the sandbox, or all three. As Orson Welles said, â€Å"Cinema is the work of a single man, the director†. Lynch’s films, good or bad, successful or not, have been the work of a film-maker in control of his medium, aware of his position as auteur and willing to assert it within his texts. Many of Lynch’s works have developed a cult following over the years. Of note are Eraserhead, Blue Velvet and Mul holland Drive. There are also many in the Lynchian â€Å"cult† who are not film specific. That is, they are fans and followers of David Lynch himself, and are intrigued by all things Lynchian. The major reason that Lynch’s films stand the test of time is due to their very nature; because his innovative style is so surreal and cryptic, a selection of viewers are compelled to delve further into understanding his films. That’s the beauty of Lynch; his films deeply intrigue his audiences, igniting a thirst in the niche, cult followers to decipher meaning in films where others see none. In most cases, a director cannot really foresee whether or not a film will develop a cult following over time. However, a further urge to make sense of his works is almost inherent of Lynch’s style, and some may argue that Lynch has constructed his films with the intention of being labelled by society as ‘weird’, or ‘strange’. It almost gives his loyal followers an excuse to be self righteous of their involvement in the cult community; â€Å"Hey look at me, I study Lynchian films, aren’t I cultured? † It can give them a sense of intellectual snobbery. Lynch’s most recent feature, Mulholland Drive was initially scripted and filmed as a television pilot, however, the project was turned down by several networks, and so, after some deliberation, Lynch decided to finish the text as a feature film. As a pilot, the story didn’t have a proper ending, and it took Lynch quite some time to formulate an ending for the film; however he says that it all came to him one night when he sat down on a chair and closed his eyes. In Mulholland Drive, Lynch dwells upon the theme of duality of identity, set in the world of Hollywood. After the failure of both her movie career and her love affair, the main protagonist, Diane, imagines a fantasy of her as another character named Betty, by recreating her ruined career and failed relationship with the woman she loves. To further expand on his main themes of identity, fantasy and reality, duality of things and Hollywood, Lynch uses contrasted filming techniques for each of the parts of the movie, creating a visual dichotomy between Diane’s fantasy (where everything is embellished in a way, highly illuminated, colourful and visually striking) and reality (which is almost completely dark and uses very little lighting, making it seem quite surreal), thus blurring the edges between the two. In her fantasy, Diane loses her identity, as her dream presents another aspect of herself. One ight argue that this fantasy is actually Diane’s attempt at self-identification, but it is also another representation of her own personality. In the end, Diane must understand that she is comprised of, and capable of, both light and dark, good and evil, naivete and deep mystery. Therefore, she cannot escape or ignore the darker parts of herself – her failure, her hatred, her jealousy. Lynch has explai ned duality in his films in this way: â€Å"You must have the contrasts. Films should have power. The power of good and the power of darkness, so you can get some thrills and shake things up a bit. If you back off from that stuff, you’re shooting right down into lukewarm junk. †¦You have to believe things so much that you make them honest†. In other words, he argues that in order for films to be strong and powerful, they need to present both sides of a coin, an unrestricted view of life with all of its light and all of its darkness. However, according to him, there is no need to fear the darker side because it is a part of all of us: â€Å"Fear is based on not seeing the whole thing and, if you could get there and see the whole thing, fear is out the window†. Hence he argues that once we come to terms with these darker things and accept them as a natural contrast in all of us, rather than try to hide and escape them, we will be able to face and understand them. In an interview with The Denver Post during the release of Mulholland Drive, Lynch says: â€Å"we know that when we’re walking around we see the surface of things, but sometimes we sense something more, sometimes what we sense approaches a kind of dreamlike state. Those feelings take on a life of their own; they are just as real as anything else. † This echoes Breton’s lecture that these often dichotomous forces of inner and external reality â€Å"are the one and the same thing. † However, Lynch does make note that we do approach these various layers of reality in different ways: â€Å"We have waking, sleeping and dreaming—for most people that’s what we deal with. So all of them are real, though the brain functions in a different way for each. The final movement of Mulholland Drive asks its viewers to reinterpret the first 100 minutes of screen time as now being a universe fabricated in the consciousness of small-time, failed-actor Diane Selwyn, who lies dying (or dead) somewhere in a run-down apartment in Hollywood. Linking the narrative material of the film’s final movement to the material that preceded it becomes critical in terms of how one understands the workings of the film. Of course, crucial a s it may be to connect narrative information to the film’s internal structures, it is not this alone that makes Mulholland Drive such a unique experience. As in much of Lynch’s other work, the film asks its viewers to attend to every aspect of its construction, from colour schemes to camera movement, from music and sound to performance, from lighting to editing patterns, from set design to costume and make-up. In short, every element of the film’s construction can be a container of possible meaning. Because of this, most viewers miss much of the film’s meaning, and walk out of the theatre complaining that it made no sense. Others, however, may pick up on certain symbols or motifs, and are intrigued to decipher their meaning after viewing. What’s especially interesting in Lynch’s films is the way the entire mise-en-scene is presented as meaningful and significant. The hierarchy of significance that we associate with most movies, where some things are to be attended to more than others, is abandoned. We can never tell while watching a scene – at least the first time around – what its most significant features are. It’s possible that a seemingly minor detail will turn out be of critical importance. Everything is presented on the same level of significance. Over the years, Mulholland Drive has developed a cult following in a niche audience, and many of its devout followers are continuously attempting to decipher elements of the film. The website mulholland-drive. net is an extensive database of information regarding the film, where the film’s loyal followers can discuss the film and share their understanding of certain elements of the movie. Since all of the posts on the site are by members of the niche audience, it gives everyone a chance to see what other people thought of the movie and their analysis of its meaning. The website epitomises the commitment of members of a films cult following. To conclude, it is fair to say that David Lynch has well established himself in society as a cult auteur to be reckoned with. His abstract style often leaves his viewers with more questions than answers, and for some viewers, a desire to learn more. It is this factor that has essentially led to Lynch’s grandiose cult status. His followers are intrigued by his ambiguity. Although his time as a director will inevitably come to an end, the legacy of his films will last forever through their cult status. ——————————————- [ 1 ]. Lynch and Rodley, 2005, p. 33 [ 2 ]. David Lynch. (2013, March 16). In  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia [ 3 ]. Le Blanc and Odell, 2000, p. 08 [ 4 ]. Lynch and Rodley, 2005, p. 148 [ 5 ]. Cook, 1986 [ 6 ]. David Lynch On Mulholland Drive, DVD Extra [ 7 ]. Lynch and Rodley, 2005, p. 15 0 [ 8 ]. Lynch and Rodley, 2005, p. 244 [ 9 ]. â€Å"Lynch composes cerebral symphony†, Rosen, 2001 [ 10 ]. Breton, ed. Fotiade 2000, p. 04 How to cite David Lynch as a Cult Auter, Papers

Media Bias in the Israel/Palestine Revolution Essays - Middle East

Media Bias in the Israel/Palestine Revolution Sarah Osorio Jae Revolutions June 7, 2017 Bias is a feeling or thought that is created with the person's beliefs and not facts. When people explain their bias, they usually try to get others to think the same way they do. Because of this, we are sometimes subjected to a close minded way of thinking. This is seen quite often in our everyday lives. We find bias in textbooks, the people around us, and especially in media. There is especially room for bias in the Israel/Palestine conflict since it is such a controversial topic. The country of Israel is in the Middle East and the capital is called Tel Aviv. I t was established and founded on May 14,1948 after the United Nations decided Jewish people needed a place to live after the Holocaust. Many of their homes in Europe had been destroyed or taken over by non-J ews . The religious population in Israel is about 75% Jewish, 16% Muslim, 2% Christian, and the rest belonging to minor religions like Druze and Samaritanism. The infancy of the country of Israel was mark ed by an event that has come to be known as the mass Palestinian graves. Dozens of Arab skeletons were collected south of Jaffa and all put into the same mass grave. These deaths occurred because of the fighting during the war in 1948. People tell stories of dead bodies lying on the street and being moved into these graves. Their skeletons were found and most showed signs of a violent death. Men women and children were often buried together without giving thought to their religious beliefs. These graves were found by accident during maintenance of the cemetery. During the time when Israel became a country, the Prime Minister was David-Ben Gurion. After this, forces from Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, and Jordan invaded Israel to aid the Palestinians in their time of need, which began a war. During that war of Independence, about 6,000 Jews and 10,000 Palestinians were killed. The reason they were fighting was because they both felt as if something was being taken from them. To retalia te, the Intifadas took place. This was an uprising against the Jews by the Palestinians. One protest was in the 1980's and the other was in the early 2000's. The first Intifada was non-violent. It included large boycotts and Palestinians refusing to work jobs for Israeli people. Though the Palestinians were being peaceful, Israeli military forces responded with violence. In 2000, the failure of the two countries to achieve a peaceful resolution gave birth to the second intifada. Typically each country blamed the other for the onset of this conflict. The Palestinians gave up their peaceful behavior and began using tactics such as sniper fire and suicide bombings which Israel answered with a heavier attack. Before the conflict was finished, there were over 1,000 Israelis and 3,200 Palestinians killed. The Six Day War took place from June 5,1967 to June 10,1967. The war began when the Arab countries began plotting against Israel. After the Israeli representative gave a speech at the Un ited Nations detailing the ways in which they wanted to make a deal with the Arab countries, the representative from Egypt went on to say that the Israeli government was trying to deceive the rest of the world by claiming to deal diplomatically when in fact they saw it as an underhanded way to fool the rest of the world. Events like this were the catalyst to the beginning of the Six Day War. After the failure of any diplomatic attempt, there was no recourse except to go to war. The very well trained and organized Israeli armed forces made short work of the disorganized Arab forces. After the Israelis learned they were going to be attacked, on day one of the war the Israeli air force took out Egypt's air force before it was able to take off. Not only did they attack Egypt, but also Syrian, Iraqi, and Jordanian air forces until they gained air supremacy. On day two, heavy combat ensued between Israeli and Jordanian troops in the West Bank and Jerusalem. By the third day, Israel had ta ken over

Conflict Management Essays

Conflict Management Essays Conflict Management Essay Conflict Management Essay Course: project economics and evaluation Course code: C11PV Coursework title: Project Appraisal Student Number: H00152083 Lecturer: Dr. Esinath Ndiweni 1. Introduction The work is centred on the importance of project appraisal therefore emphasising on the financial and non-financial techniques of appraisal. The object and, therefore, the importance of a project appraisal is making an analysis to see whether the project is viable. It is vital to know whether a project is technically feasible and whether it is going to be an economic liability or not. A project appraisal is an important part of any project and should be taken seriously because a lot rests on it. The effects of a project appraisal are long reaching and have very definite long term effects because of the capital investment that is always required in any project. Once a decision has been made to go ahead with a project, it is irreversible. Even if, through some catastrophic event, the project has to come to an unpredicted halt, the investment has been made so all could be lost. These high expenditures can be critical, not just for that particular project but for the health and survival of the entire business. As such, this paper combines the importance of both methods in order to help in assessment of project performance. 2. Literature review Recent literature has been emphasising on the need to consider the use of both financial and non-financial methods when dealing with project decisions. It is fundamental for a project to consider these techniques in order to measure a success of a project. This part of the paper is focused on critically analysing and evaluating these techniques and justifying why both are important. Some of these methods are very simple (e. g. payback period) while others are particularly sophisticated and complex (e. . Net Present Value, Real Options Reasoning). Simpler methods do not take into account the time value of the money and do not include the risk dimension. All these methods are well documented and explained in the literature. However, there is little empirical evidence on the factors that explain the use of the different techniques by firms. Thus, this p aper is focused on the use of capital investment appraisal methods (CIAM) in practice. Particularly, it analyses whether there are specific contingencies that explain why firms use and do not use specific capital investment appraisal methods. . Financial method of appraisal The decision making in projects are not difficult when we only use financial knowledge. Financial techniques use NPV, IRR, Payback Period techniques in appraising a project as well as making investment decisions. Through this technique, a firm can also analyse a project’s tendency to risk by using sensitivity analysis and risk analysis. Project managers often concentrate on establishing the financial visibility of their projects through reasonable economics. Traditionally, the Net Present Value, the Internal Rate of Return and Payback Period techniques have formed a major component of the financial techniques of investment. They are often based on the time value of money methods to forecast the expected monetary returns of a given project. The reliability of these techniques however depends on the accuracy of the given cash flows and the time frame as planned by the organisation. A major drawback to the financial method of appraisal is the fact that it cannot be practically assumed with a high degree of certainty. The value of all the factors is affected by numerous risks and unforeseen events which are often difficult to tell. Based on an article by S. Mohammed under project certainty (2001) he argued that the financial factors like the net present value, internal rate of return and payback period do not allow for non-financial aspects to be considered in assessing investment option. Non-financial methods such as political, legal and social factors are believed to be essential but rather, firms count them outside the normal appraisal process. These non-financial factors require careful knowledge in order to be managed. In major cases, the neglect of these aspects may result in failure of the project despite having favourable financial components. a. Types of financial techniques of appraisal There different types of techniques in the financial aspects of appraisal. The first to be considered is the Net present Value (NPV). This method enables the firm to determine how much value a project can add. It determines the acceptability of the project. Before taking any step to in a project, the NPV must be considered. If the NPV is positive, then the project can be accepted, whereas if it is negative, the project should be rejected. It determines the stance of the firm in the project and enables organisations to know the end product of the project in terms of cash. The limitation however is the fact that NPV does not accurately forecast future costs and benefits. Another technique is discounted cash flow method which provides approach for evaluating proposed investment project because they recognise the importance of the concepts of time value of money and the cost of capital, and stress the need for forecasting. It can be applied for valuing business as a whole and also for valuing individual business components of a company or firm. Also it can be used by both equity shareholders because on the basis of DCF valuation they can compare two companies and take decision whether to invest or not, and also debt holders can use DCF method to take decision regarding the company. The problem with DCF is that since it is a valuation tool it is dependent heavily on the inputs used for valuation purpose, so if inputs are changed slightly there can be large change in the value of a company. Payback period is another important technique which refers to the period of time a project can cover for the investment made by the company. For example if the initial project cost is ? 50000 and the annual cash flow is ? 10000, it implies that the payback period would be 5 years. It is also beneficial for those companies who are recently established and want to know the time frame in which they would recover their original investment, therefore those companies which do not want to take risk and want quick return on their investments can select those projects which have low payback period and ignore those projects which require long gestation projects. A major disadvantage of payback period is that it does not show a true picture when it comes to evaluating cash flows of a project. b. Advantages and disadvantages of different financial methods of appraisal The payback period is based on the idea of how much time is needed for the project to generate cash flows sufficient to recover the initial amount invested. It can be also used as a criterion for acceptance or rejection of projects in the case that the payback period is above or below a certain number of years previously defined. The main advantages of this method are: ease of understanding; simplicity of implementation; provides an idea of the degree of liquidity and risk of the project; and in times of huge instability, the use of this method is a way to increase the security of investments. Despite these advantages, the payback method has two important drawbacks. First, it ignores the cash flows occurring after the payback time, which can lead to the rejection of profitable projects that require a longer recovery period. Second, the payback period, in its original version, does not consider the time value of money in calculating the cash flows. This is inconsistent with the basic principles of financial mathematics. One way of overcoming this problem is to calculate the payback period by discounting (at the appropriate discounting rate) the expected future cash flows, as proposed by Longmore (1989). The accounting average rate of return (ARR) is computed as the ratio between the project’s estimated average profit and the average accounting value of the investment (Brealey and Myers, 1998). This ratio is compared with the firm’s accounting rate of return or other benchmark external to the firm (e. . the industry average value). The main advantages of this method are its simplicity of understanding and usage, given that the figures used in calculations are those provided by accounting reports. However, this method presents some important weaknesses. First, it does not take into account the time value of money. Second, being based on accounting earnings and not on the project’s cash flows, it is conceptual ly incorrect. Finally, there is the need to set a target rate of return as a prerequisite to apply ARR as an appraisal method (Akalu, 2001). c. Benefits and importance of financial techniques of Appraisal The object and, therefore, the importance of a project appraisal is making an analysis to see whether the project is viable. It is vital to know whether a project is technically feasible and whether it is going to be an economic liability or not. A project appraisal is an important part of any project and should be taken seriously because a lot rests on it. The effects of a project appraisal are long reaching and have very definite long term effects because of the capital investment that is always required in any project. Financial techniques are essential methods in determining the acceptability of the project. Financial method of appraisal is often regarded as the aspect of project appraisal, however, in order for a project to be successful non-financial aspects must also be considered. A major significance of financial method of approval is that it partially justifies spending money on a project. This means that it enquires whether a project gives good value for the budget of the project. It also gives confidence through its several tools that money is being put to good use. Financial techniques are also important decision making tools in which they involve comprehensive analysis of a wide range of data and judgement. This is to enable projects managers to ensure that the selected project is sustainable and it also guarantees sensible ways of managing risk. Furthermore, financial method helps to confirm that projects will be managed properly, by ensuring the calculations are accurate, that there are contingency plans to handle risks and setting milestones against which progress can be judged. 4. NON-FINANCIAL METHODS OF APPRAISAL Project appraisal is not all about financial methods. There are non-financial aspects of appraisal that play an important role in helping firms make decisions on projects. As a matter of fact, non-financial factors are considered as the backbones of a project that will either make or break a project. A very important factor that requires consideration is meeting the requirements of current and future legislation. In most cases it is regarded more important than any method of appraisal because it is uncertain. Every country belongs to a system of government that it is accountable to, in an event where every calculations and evaluations have been completed to determine the acceptability of a certain project, and then along the line the government in power brought a rather abrupt end to the given project. The logic in this implies financial techniques of appraisal are very significant to a project, however, they must go hand-in-hand with the non-financial factors and it is paramount for any management to consider meeting the requirements of the legislation first. Other important factors of non-financial methods are matching the standards of the industry, improving staff morale and improving relationships with clients. In most cases, it is fundamental to balance non-financial and financial techniques. The firm may need to decide how important each factor is to the project. An appraisal choice in this way can take into consideration how well the project fits with the techniques. d. Analysis of non-financial factors of appraisal There are different factors to be considered in the appraisal of projects. In most cases some of these factors are neglected in the event of appraisal and it does not reduce the profitability of the project, and on the other hand it renders the project non-profitable. First of all, the political factors must be considered. This is an obvious factor which its omission could result into the end of the project in the sense that the project manager or the firm must meet the requirements of the legislation. For example some governments could ban the use of some web-based advertisements due to political reasons definitely, and the project could sometime require the use of the web-based sites to create awareness of the project to the general public. Due to the actions of the government, the project consequently faces a setback. The advantage of this factor however is that, it does not occur often and it has a low probability of failing a project if it does not occur. A good example of this factor is when 2011, the Egyptian president decided to ban the access of YouTube, a video site that is known worldwide for its ease of video coverage. If the company decides to advertise the project through this means and along the way the decision is taken, the company will definitely face a setback. Another factor to be considered is the environmental factor. Green activities have recently gained popularity to the extent that companies not investing in equipment that preserve the environment are seen as non-responsive by the general public who are the customers. It is also important for a project to be aware of the resources in the area where the project would be launched. For example, in Nigeria, projects that are based on construction are usually suitable for the soils of the northern part because they are arable and fine. If a company decides to launch a project in the southern part there is possibility of failing to get the perfect soil due to large number of oil fields. Also the process of land acquisition is complex. It requires the company to follow a long process in order to acquire a large piece of land. Furthermore for short term projects it would be of immense advantage if the country is blessed with favourable weather conditions and a vast number of skilled labours. Furthermore in addition to the analysis of non-financial methods of appraisal, it is paramount to bring the usefulness of risk into the picture. It enhances decision making on marginal projects. A project whose single-value NPV is small may still be accepted following risk analysis on the grounds that its overall chances for yielding a satisfactory return are greater than is the probability of making an unacceptable loss. Likewise, a marginally positive project could be rejected on the basis of being excessively risky, or one with a lower NPV may be preferred to another with a higher NPV because of a better risk/return profile. However an area for caution is Risk analysis amplifies the predictive ability of sound models of reality. The accuracy of its predictions therefore can only be as good as the predictive capacity of the model employed. Lastly the company or the firm must consider the availability of manpower. In order to ensure the success of a project there must be a high concentration of skilled workers to handle the activities of the project. The higher the number of skilled workers will create a better chance for the project to be launched and completed in a good way. There must be individuals who will handle the financial methods as well and to ensure the project will be favourable or not. e. Limitations of non-financial methods The appraisal of projects in most cases requires the incorporation of the effects of both financial and non-financial methods of appraisal and ensures that these methods are appropriately represented. The main drawback to the non-financial methods of appraisal is that they cannot be used alone to determine the acceptability of a project. Also due to its intangible nature it brings limitation when using probability analysis. This is due to the fact that non-financial factors on projects are often difficult to quantify. As a result of this, current models often ignore this method because of the lack of knowledge of the qualitative and strategic benefit costs. Non-financial have an intangible nature, are difficult to estimate, and cause a subjective analysis to project evaluators. Therefore, the investment decision should rely not only on the traditional evaluation criteria, but also on non-financial factors, through the use of tools and methods that incorporate and quantify non-financial aspects in project evaluation. f. Comparison between financial and non-financial techniques of project appraisal The prominent issue about the financial and non-financial methods of appraisal is the fact both concepts are essential to the success of a project. The neglecting of one aspect of either of the concepts may result in the failure of the project because they work hand-in-hand. In other comments it was understood that the non-financial factors are not instrumental in the appraisal of a project due to their qualitative nature. On other hand, financial methods like the payback period do not give a true picture of what exactly is required in the investment. However in my view the financial techniques are better in showing the benefits of a project. 5. Conclusion The paper is centred on the importance of the techniques of project appraisal. Due to the mutual nature of both the financial and non-financial methods of appraisal, I believe they are both crucial factors to be considered in the appraisal of a project. The two methods complement each other. These methods are not only crucial for project use only but also for students and researchers as well, and hopefully upcoming innovation from researchers could bring adjustments to the financial methods to be simpler. . REFERENCES Akalu, M. (2001). â€Å"Re-examining project appraisal and control: developing a focus on wealth creation. † International Journal of Project Management 19: 375-383. Hermes, N. , P. Smid and L. Yao (2006). â€Å"Capital Budgeting Practices: A Comparative Study of the Netherlands and China†, Working Paper, University of Groningen, p. 36. Hawkins, C. J. , and D. W. Pearce (1971), â€Å"Capital Investment Appraisal† (MacMillan Press). Jones, C. , Software Assessments, Benchmarks, and Best Practices, Information Technology Series, Addison Wesley, 2000 Verbeeten, F. (1993). Do organizations adopt sophisticated capital budgeting practices to deal with uncertainty in the investment decision? A research note. Management Accounting Research 17: 106-120. nibusinessinfo. co. uk/content/strategic-issues-investment-appraisal (accessed on March 24, 2013) accountantnextdoor. com/investment-appraisal-8-non-financial-factors-that-every-accountants-and-managers-should-consider/ (accessed on 22nd march, 2013) letslearnfinance. com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-payback-period. html (accessed on March 23rd, 2013)

How to Write a Capturing Introduction for a Literary Analysis Paper

How to Write a Capturing Introduction for a Literary Analysis Paper How to Write a Capturing Introduction for a Literary Analysis Paper If you are writing a literary analysis essay it is very important that you find a way to grab your reader’s attention right from the beginning. You want to draw a reader in so that they are eager to find out what you have to say about a particular literary piece. You also want to make sure that your opening paragraph is: well-organized; gives your reader a clear indication of what your thesis or idea is; written in such a way that there is a logical progression of ideas from one sentence to the next. You may be asking yourself how you can fit all of these things into one paragraph without making it â€Å"stuffed†. Here are some tips that you can use to help you. Keep in Mind What You Are Writing and What You Are Writing about This sounds easy but it is one rule that many essayists tend to forget about. You want to keep in mind that a literary analysis paper is specifically designed to look at a particular piece of writing. Your goal, as an author, is to come up with a definitive idea regarding a piece of literature and express that idea or conclusion to your reader. It doesn’t have to be boring, and it doesn’t have to be rigid or inflexible but it does have to have a specific idea or thesis and utilize examples and information from the piece itself to support your arguments. You also need to keep the tone professional rather than conversational. An essay is more of a formal style of writing and the language you use should reflect that. Once you have figured out what you want to write about, it is time to write your opening paragraph. Remember That Your Opening Line Must Be the Most Critical Your opening line is perhaps the most critical part of your essay because it is what makes your reader want to continue. Think about it like a headline for a news article. Some headlines and opening lines immediately make you want to read more. They build excitement for the reader. Others may be more passive or less entertaining. You want to be sure that when you write, your opening sentence falls into the first category. To achieve this goal, you may want to use one of the following opening variants: A passage from the piece you are writing about; A relevant quote from someone famous. This can either be directly related to the piece or illustrate your thesis about the piece; A question that may provoke thought or emotion in your reader. From there you can continue and outline what your thesis is. Keep in mind that the arguments you will be making to illustrate your point will come later in the essay itself and do not need to be mentioned in the opening paragraph. If you structure it properly you may find that your opening paragraph flows well and feels neither rushed nor overloaded. Avoid Unnecessary Words and Phrases Of course, it is important to know what not to do when writing your essay’s opening paragraph. This is the time when language is especially important. A good opening paragraph will have language that is very precise and which can create a clear impression of what you are trying to say. Therefore, you must avoid the number of unnecessary words that do not support or illustrate your point and that may cause vague impression in the reader. It is also important to place your thesis statement in the proper position in your opening paragraph. Placing it at the end of the introductory paragraph will help ensure that your reader recognizes it for what it is: the central, unifying idea that will pull your custom written essay  together.

Individual Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual Paper - Essay Example s legislation and decline of social inequalities, more and more people are migrating to different places and opting for jobs at various levels depending upon their education and caliber. Vast numbers of mixed populations from different communities, groups, races, ethnicity and nationalities can be seen in large corporate organizations and in multinational organizations. News regarding law suits against some of the large corporations has spanned news papers, magazines and the websites, largely due to the huge settlements involved. For example, the largest known settlement for a racial discrimination lawsuit was paid by Coca-Cola in 1999. The company was sued by African-American former and current employees for racial discrimination under the US Civil Rights Act. The charges included unequal wages for African-Americans compared to the Whites; very few positions at top given to African-Americans; and certain policies that inhibited African-Americans from trying for promotions (Winter). Coca Cola had to face such charges due to the inappropriate diversity management policies and practices. In addition to the large sum, these charges resulted in reputational loss, which can further impact their competitiveness and sustainability in the market. Searches for current issues in management practice and organizations were conducted on the web, with maximum results obtained in the field of diversity management. A variety of issues were found, most of which included unequal opportunities at workplaces causing employees to revolt against management. Some of these include racial discrimination (as in the case of Coca Cola); minimal opportunities for women at top positions (Winter); unequal pay for women and men; and issues related to sexual harassment. Hence, a study of management policies at different corporations was conducted in order to learn how they prevented and handled issues related to diversity management. In addition, reasons for diversity management

Cultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Nursing Practice Essay

Cultural Competency and Cultural Humility in Nursing Practice - Essay Example Therefore, they have to ensure that the cultural, racial and ethnic diversity does not jeopardize their working criterion (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2008). Similarly, the ethnic and cultural diversity should not affect the quality of their services. This calls for undivided attention from the nurses in getting to know the cultural affiliations better. This will ensure the nurses give unparalleled services to the people that need them. In essence, the nurses have to slot various approaches in giving equal services to the people from different cultural affiliations. This will ensure the nursing profession is offering top notch services that are not affected in any way. However, if nurses do not create a perfect approach in serving people from different cultures, they will not be in a position to give the best services to the different ethnic and cultural groups that need these services. The first preparation for the nurses and practitioners is initiated by the instit ution and governing bodies to ensure the services that are offered in the institutions are not jeopardized. This has been the situation in many institutions as they look for better ways to prepare the nurses and medical practitioners on how to serve the people that need these services (Anderson, Calvillo and Fongwa, 2007). ... With such preparations, most of the institutions are prepared to give the best services dispute the presence of different cultural and ethnic groups. In many instances, most of the institutions have incepted the idea of multicultural training of the physicians, nurses and medical practitioners. This approach has yielded substantial results to the nursing profession in reflection from the results. The multicultural training has been influential in changing nursing profession perspective to different ethnic and cultural groups. Many people have come up with models that try to explain the need for cultural humility and cultural competence in the nursing sector. Some of these models are explicit in their statements while other models bank on the basics of cultural competence. Therefore, for a nursing institution to achieve the best, it has to use a model that will ensure all the vital aspects are put into consideration (Tervalon and Garcia, 1998). The most prevalent model among the cultu ral care models is the self reflection and lifelong learner model. This is a model that has been used a number of times in the nursing profession to ensure people from different cultural affiliations are having the best services (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2008). In many instances, there is need for the nurses to understand that the people they are serving are from different cultural affiliations. Therefore, they will have to ensure they give all the people high class services despite their difference in cultural affiliations. With such actions, it is likely that the nursing profession will be recording an improvement over time. The first aspect in this model is to have knowledge of all health beliefs and many other

Same-Sex and Cross-Sex Friendships

Same-Sex and Cross-Sex Friendships Friends. How many of us have them? Friends. Ones that we can depend on. This question about friendships was asked in the 1984 song Friends by Whodini. Humans have the need for social interaction and one of the ways that human beings fill this need is by forming friendships. From an early age, we form bonds with our peers. Initially these bonds start as surface friendships in childhood and as people grow older, the friendships they have take on a more profound meaning. Many different kinds of friendships can be found depicted in the media. From television shows like Friends, Girlfriends, and Seinfeld to movies that depict the ups and downs of friendships. People typically have more same-sex than cross-sex friendships (Booth Hess 1974; Ross, 1985). In this paper, I will discuss the differences and similarities of female-female and male-male friendships and use examples from two movies to show how the values and characteristics of these friendships differ and are alike. I will also be discussing cross-sex friendships (CSFs). There hasnt been as much research or theory on cross-sex friendships because for a long time, theorists and researchers viewed cross-sex friendships as potential romantic relationships (Bleske-Recheck Buss, 2001). This view has changed and there is now emerging research and study of difficulties and advantage of having and maintaining cross-sex friendships. I will also be discussing a movie that demonstrates the positive and negative features of cross-sex friendships. Male-Male Friendships Although there has been a rising popularity of depicting bromances (a term used to describe close male friendships) in the media, Traustadottir found that research has found that males have significantly fewer friends than women, especially close friendships or best friends. (2008 p.1) There are three main barriers that have been attributed to the lack of close friendships in men; competition between men, traditional masculine stereotypes about real men, and fear of homosexuality (Fasteau, 1991; McGill, 1985; Miller, 1983). The movie The Wood, is about three male friends from Inglewood, California who have grown apart and reunite back in their hometown during one of their weddings. The movie shows present-day and also flashback scenes to their childhood to show how their friendship developed. One of the flash-back scenes gives an example of the three barriers attributed to lack of closeness. The three main characters; Mike, Roland, and Slim in a pizza parlor discussing how their luck with the women is going during their junior year of high school. All three are talking about their frustration at still being virgins as sophomores (traditional masculine stereotypes), they begin to argue about who will lose their virginity first (fear of homosexuality) and decide to make it a competition by making a pot. Every week, they add a dollar to the pot and whoever loses their virginity first will receive the money (competition). Male friendships tend to emphasize activities and companionship and expressions of closeness felt between friends comes in the form of friendly teasing. Although male friendships are formed and maintained in ways that differ from female friendships, there are still some similarities that can be seen. Male friendships provide a release of stress and reduce depression in the same manner that women friendships do. Female-Female Friendships The differences in female friendships and male friendships is not in what is strived for in their close relationships i.e. intimacy, empathy, and trust; but in the means in which their friendship goals are accomplished. Women are naturally more apt to show emotions and this translates into the friendships they form as well. Traustadottir (2009) examination of female friendships found: Women typically describe their friendships in terms of closeness and emotional attachment. What characterizes friendships between women is the willingness to share important feelings, thoughts, experiences, and support. Women devote a good deal of time and intensity of involvement to friends. (p.1) Women are more open with affection and more likely to sincerely complimenting each other. While men use communication to accomplish things, communication is seen as a way to build and maintain intimacy and closeness in female friendships. This is why women are more likely to discuss personal thoughts, feelings, and problems with their friends (Greif 2009). In a survey done by Greif (2009) 71% of women stated that being understood (communication, sharing, caring, not being judged, and receiving feedback) to describe what friendship means. Only 51% of men surveyed answered the same. Demonstrating friendships with concrete acts (example. helping move, giving loan) was a choice that men responded to in the survey was not shown on the womens responses. In the movie, Waiting To Exhale, it depicts four female friends providing support and advice to each other through their dealing with men, families, and careers. This movie shows how female relationships are built on communication and emotional intimacy. Cross-Sex Friendships Because male and female same-sex friendships have different characteristic, it has been speculated that men and women cannot become and maintain strictly platonic friendships. Although much more difficult, successful cross-sex relationships are possible. There are at least four unique challenges facing individuals in cross-sex relationships: defining the relationship, managing sexual attraction, establishing equality, and managing interference of others (OMeara, 1989). The movie Brown Sugar is the story of two friends Dre and Sidney that met as children and have maintained their cross-sex friendship throughout their adulthood. In the movie, Dre starts dating a woman and they become engaged. This sparks questions and thoughts about Sidney and Dres own friendship and if there was any romantic feelings between them. One scene in the movie after Dre has become engaged, shows Sidney prepping and beautifying herself when Dre calls to say hes coming to visit. As she looks at herself in the mirror and fixes her hair and make-up, she pauses and asks herself What am I doing? Its just him. This scene shows how managing sexual attraction and clearly defining the relationship are concerns that come up even in long-term cross-sex friendships. Although difficult, there are benefits from cross-sex friendships that cannot be seen in same-sex friendships. Those benefits include, an increase of the understanding about beliefs and values of the other sex (Canary, Emmers-Sommers, Faulkner, 1997), verifying out attractiveness to the other sex (Rubin, 1985), protection, short-term sexual opportunities, self-expression, and intimacy (Bleske-Rechek and Buss 2000). Conclusion Developing and maintaining friendships is key in developing interpersonal skills. Although some friendships may be more easy to maintain than others, there are benefits to all types friendships and they are attainable if the parties involved value the relationship enough to put in the hard work and effort. References Alison P. LentonLaura Webber. (2006). Cross-sex Friendships: Who has More? Sex Roles, 54(11-12), 809-820. Retrieved April 12, 2010, from Psychology Module. (Document ID: 1175830101). Diane H Felmlee. (1999). Social norms in same- and cross-gender friendships. Social Psychology Quarterly, 62(1), 53-67. Retrieved April 12, 2010, from Research Library Core. (Document ID: 40396565). Greif, G. L. (2009). Buddy system: understanding  male friendships. New york: Oxford Universtiy Press. Matthijs Kalmijn. (2002). Sex Segregation of Friendship Networks. Individual and Structural Determinants of Having Cross-Sex Friends. European Sociological Review, 18(1), 101. Retrieved April 12, 2010, from Social Science Module. (Document ID: 323673221). Traustadottir, R. (2008, April). Gender patterns in friendships. Retrieved from http://thechp.syr.edu/genpat.htm

‘Poetry Teaches Us About Life and the World Around Us

‘Poetry teaches us about life and the world around us. ’ The two poems â€Å"Martin and the Hand Grenade† by John Foulcher and â€Å"Beach Burial† by Kenneth Slessor both discuss different aspects of war and war times teaching us about life and the world around us. â€Å"Martin and the hand grenade† explores the notion that man has a violet streak which can lead to destruction, Foulcher depicts many aspects of war such as the mental impacts as well as some physical impacts and aspects of the grenade. Emphasising the difference in how adults and children interpret warfare. Beach Burial† is a recording of the poet’s grief for the sailors who died on a great land and sea battle in the North African campaign during WWII. On another level, it records the battle that we all fight, regardless of race or political or religious conviction, joined in the common front of humanity against death. The poem â€Å"Martin and the Hand Grenade â€Å"is based on a personal experience that Foulcher had while teaching at a boys school in one of his history lessons, portraying the idea that adults and children have a different view of war and violence. Foulcher creates a vivid image of the incident in our minds and allows us to picture ourselves observing the hand grenade through the metaphor â€Å"With his father's bleak skill, Martin edges out the firing pin†. Martin’s father is specifically referred to as having â€Å"bleak skill† that had once taught him how to operate the grenade. Foulcher used this adjective as an effective way of conveying his own attitude to war and violence, describing his own knowledge as â€Å"bleak† proving his negative attitude to the violence and destruction the Grenade causes. As Martin displays the grenade, the class â€Å"pause for history† symbolically showing how children’s understanding and interest in the war and many other aspects of the world around us can be enhanced through physically seeing or holding an artefact in their hands. The students ask questions, Martin metaphorically states, â€Å"No-it had limited, power: ten yards, then the spread, became too loose to catch a man's mortality†, illustrating the capability of grenades and the violent fatalities caused by wars. Likewise â€Å"Beach Burial† by Kenneth Slessor, depict aspects of war but this time of the more graphical and visual realities. A horrify image is created through personification â€Å"The convoys of dead sailors come; At night they sway and wander in the waters far under† enabling the reader to emphasis with the soldiers that died at war. As poetry allows us to develop greater insights and learn about the world around us, â€Å"Beach Burial† effectively portrays the real and actual happenings of war or the aftermath of war. To pluck them from the shallows and bury them in burrows, Someone, has time for this it seems†, metaphorically represents how a person, out of a mark of respect is burying the dead bodies. Emotively language further allows the reader to learn about the world and empathise with those who experienced the war, â€Å"And each cross, the driven stake of tidewood, Bears the last signature of men†. â€Å"Martin and the Hand Grenadeâ⠂¬  focuses more on the grenade and ‘painting a picture’ of the grenade and the class, allowing the reader to interpret the poem and visualise aspects related to the war and the world in general. Whereas â€Å"Beach Burial† focuses on not only the happenings of war, but on embedding a very strong image of war in the readers mind, allowing them to understand and feel the sadness intended by the poem. As both poems have a different way of conveying war, they still teach the reader about life and help them understand the world they are living in. â€Å"Beach Burial† depicts many visual aspects of the war, unlike â€Å"Martin and the Hand Grenade† which focuses on how Australian life has been influenced greatly; mentally, emotionally and physically by several aspects of the war.

Review of Planet of the Apes Essay - 635 Words

Review of Planet of the Apes by Tim Burton This essay will examine Tim Burtons remake of the science-fiction film Planet of the Apes. Planet of the Apes is the story of astronaut Leo Davidson, who in an attempt to save his chimp is transported through time. Leo crashes in a futuristic time; a planet ruled by apes, where humans are enslaved. Leo is captured, with a tribe, from the slave owners shop he is bought by a kind chimp, who believes in humans and apes living in peace. With the help of her; Clara, and her other human slaves, a plan is devised to escape. They do so, and far from the city are greeted by thousands of humans who believe Leo is of great importance. But with the ape†¦show more content†¦This setting creates tension as it suggests both good and evil and the effects of each. It signifies the idea of how all good things twist to them has and things are not always what they seem. The production used in the scene of the murder of the two soldiers by their leader in the swamp land creates tension. To begin the scene an establishing shot of the 3 apes with the town in the background is used, this suggests it is not of public knowledge and is of importance. Close-ups of the ape general are used to show his dominance, as well as wit and cunning ability. A mid-shot, in a low angle position is used to show the area destroyed by Leos shuttle, during this shot a tilt and zoom in is used to maximise the effect and the tension created. This shot also shows power, as well as the relevance of what is being viewed. Before the general murders the 2 ape soldiers a long shot of the 3 apes is used, where the general is walking towards the camera, this signifies the generals importance and that he is creating a plan, the fact that the 2 soldiers backs are turned suggests they are completely blind to the generals mid-reparation. The next shot is a close-up of the weapons the general is to use in the killing; this shows their potential power and inclines the viewers mind to think of the devastation they could cause. During the murder a low-angle of the soldiersShow MoreRelatedThe Convergence Of Popular Digital Technology1604 Words   |  7 PagesLike its importance in relation to the new forms of production, the cost is a factor of how digital is influential in traditional big budget filmmaking like Dawn of the Planet of the Apes. Following the capture of the actor’s movements digital animation is required to complete the transformation to an ape. While the cost of motion capture itself is relatively high as it is a newer technology the cost of the animation is now comparably cheap to when it was first introduced. Evidence of this can beRead MoreThe Sentinel and 2001: a Space Odyssey1789 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Sentinel†. 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